Signals and commands given in a combat situation. Appendices to the combat manual Control signals defined by the combat manual and additional

Control and warning signals used during preparation and during the battle, the order of their submission different ways... Training in the execution of signals and commands given day and night

Control signals used during preparation and during the battle, the order of their presentation in various ways

The platoon (squad) commander manages subunits (personnel, crews) by radio, voice commands, signaling means, and personal example. Inside the combat vehicle, the commander controls the actions of his subordinates with commands given over the intercom, voice, or established signals.

In defense, a command and observation post is created in a motorized rifle (grenade launcher, anti-tank) platoon, which is deployed in order of battle units so as to ensure its protection from fire small arms and mortars, best observation behind the enemy, the actions of their subordinates, neighbors and terrain, as well as continuous control of the platoon.

In an offensive, when a motorized rifle platoon is operating on foot, the platoon (squad) commander is located in a place that ensures effective control of subunits (subordinates) and fire.

To control subunits and fire, the senior chief establishes uniform control signals.

The procedure for transmitting signals, commands and setting tasks by radio. Training in the execution of signals and commands

When working at radio stations, the rules of negotiation are strictly observed. In battle, all commands are transmitted by radio using a speech masker or in clear text. When sending commands in plain text, squad (tank) commanders are called by call signs, terrain points are indicated from landmarks and conventional names, and executive commands - by established signals. When the enemy creates radio interference, the radio stations, at the command of the company (platoon) commander, are rebuilt to reserve frequencies.

Sending signals, commands and setting tasks on the radio are carried out in the following order:

Call sign of the called radio station - twice (if good quality connections - once);

Signal (command) - twice (task, and with good communication quality and command - once);

The word "I" and the call sign of your radio station - once;

The word "reception" is one time.

Signals and commands are transmitted without first calling the correspondent and obtaining consent to receive.

Signals and general commands are transmitted, as a rule, for all correspondents of the radio network using the circular callsign.

In other cases, linear or individual callsigns are used. With good communication quality, it is allowed to work with abbreviated callsigns or without callsigns.

In a broadcast transmission, the command is repeated two times. Before that, the correspondent of the main radio station must make sure that the radio stations of the network do not work with each other.

On the received signal (command), a reverse check (receipt) is immediately given by exact repetition of each signal (command) or by acknowledgment of receipt of the command by transmitting the word “understood”. A receipt for the received signal (command) is also the transmission of the signal (command) to the subordinates working in the radio network of the senior chief.

Reverse check (receipt) for the received signal (command), transmitted circularly, is given at the request of the main radio station.

An example of a circular signal transmission "Cascade-389": "Alpha-45, Alpha-45, I am Sokol-15, Cascade-389, Cascade-389, I am Sokol-15, reception."

An example of sending a command to one correspondent and issuing a receipt from him for its reception: "Hawk-10, I'm Sokol-15, increase the speed, I'm Sokol-15, take." - "Falcon-15, I am Hawk-10, I understood, increase the speed, I am Hawk-10, reception", or "Falcon-15, I am Hawk-10, I understood, I am Hawk-10, reception", or "Got it, I'm Hawk-10, welcome. "

An example of work between two correspondents with abbreviated callsigns: "10th, I am 15th, reduce intervals, I am 15th, reception." - "15th, I am 10th, I understand, I am 10th, reception" or "Got it, I am 10th, reception."

An example of work between two correspondents without callsigns:"Allow me to do the task, trick." - "Allow me, welcome."

An example of setting a task to one correspondent and issuing a receipt from him for its acceptance:"Hawk-10, I'm Sokol-15, welcome." - "I am Hawk-10, welcome." - "10th, I am 15th, attack from the line ..., destroy the enemy in ..., capture ..., continue the offensive in the direction ..., artillery suppresses ...," Raven-20 "advances in the direction ..., readiness ..., I am the 15th, welcome. " - “Got it, I'm the 10th, reception” (local points, borders, directions, areas are indicated by landmarks, a coded map or coded names of local objects, neighbors - by their callsigns, time - according to the signal table).

The procedure for transmitting signals, commands and setting tasks by signaling means. Training in the execution of signals and commands given day and night

To transmit preset signals, signaling means are used: signal flares, flags, electric lights, searchlights of combat vehicles, tracer bullets (shells) and various sound means (electric and pneumatic signals, whistles, and others). Signals can be given with weapons, headgear and hands.

Units should only carry out signals from their immediate commander and circular alerts. They are served before receiving a response (response) or the start of command (signal) execution.

Table of signals for formation control (from the control system of the RF Armed Forces)


Attention(attention, do what I do; review)	Raise your right hand up and hold until recall (until the "Attention" signal repeats)	Raise the yellow flag with your right hand and hold it until you recall it (until the "Attention" signal repeats)	Lantern with white light - series of dots
Gathering of commanders(chiefs)	Raise your right hand up and circle it over your head, after which the hand sharply lower	The same, with red and yellow flags in right hand	Swing a lantern with white light overhead to the right and left, describing semicircles
To machines	Raise both hands up and hold until execution		Swing a flashlight with white light in front of you to the right and left at shoulder level
In places	Raise both hands up and sharply lower down through the sides	The same, with a yellow flag in his right hand and a red flag in his left	Lantern with white light waving vertically up and down
Get started	Rotate in front of you with your right hand	The same, with a yellow flag in his right hand	Rotate a lantern with white light in front of you
Turn off the engine	Wave your hands in front of you	The same, having a yellow flag in the right hand, and a red flag in the left	Lantern with red light down, swing in front of you in a semicircle
March(forward, continue moving in the same or new direction, the path is clear)	Raise your right arm up, turn in the direction of movement and lower your arm in the direction of movement at shoulder level		Lantern with green light waving vertically up and down
Increase distance	To raise left hand up, and stretch the right horizontally to the side and swing it down and up to shoulder level	The same, with a yellow flag in his right hand and a red flag in his left	Waving a lantern with a green light in a vertical plane, describing a figure eight
Decrease distance	Raise your right hand up, and extend your left hand horizontally to the side and swing it down and up to shoulder level	The same, with a yellow flag in his right hand and a red flag in his left	Lantern with red light waving in a vertical plane, describing the figure eight
Stop(stop)	Raise your left hand up and quickly lower down in front of you, repeating until the performance	The same, with a red flag in his left hand	Lantern with red light waving vertically up and down
In line of machines	Extend both arms horizontally to the side and hold until recall	The same, with a yellow flag in his right hand and a red flag in his left	Swing a flashlight with a green light in front of you to the right and left at shoulder level
In line of columns	In the line of platoon columns: raise both arms up and swing them crosswise over your head	The same, with a yellow flag in his right hand and a red flag in his left	Wave a lantern with a green light overhead to the right and left, describing a semicircle
In line of columns	In the line of company columns: raise both arms up, fold them crosswise over your head and hold still	The same, with a yellow flag in his right hand and a red flag in his left	Swing a lantern with a green light over your head to the right, describing a semicircle. Return the flashlight to its original position with semi-extinguished or hidden from the receiving light
Into the column	Raise your right hand up and lower it, keeping your forearm upright (repeat until you recall)	The same, with a yellow flag in his right hand	At first, hold the lantern with a green light motionless, and then repeat the "March" signal until you recall
All around	Stretch the left arm horizontally to the side, and raise the right arm up and circle overhead	The same, with a yellow flag in his right hand and a red flag in his left	Rotate a lantern with a green light in front of you
All right(left)	Stretch the left hand horizontally to the side, and raise the right hand up, turn in the direction of the turn and swing the right hand up and down to shoulder level (repeat until you recall)	The same, with a yellow flag in his right hand and a red flag in his left	Lantern with green light swing vertically from top to bottom and in the direction of the turn
Crash(forced stop)	Stretch the right hand horizontally to the side, and raise the left hand up and swing it over your head to the right and left	The same, with a yellow flag in his right hand and a red flag in his left. After the signal is given, the red flag is installed on the machine at an angle of 45 °	Swing a flashlight with a red light in front of you to the right and left at shoulder level

Notes: 1.The signal table indicates:

When managing subunits (subordinate) signals, it must be remembered that signal means unmask the location of the commander

Think before you say;

Arrange your message in a logical order;

Speak loudly and clearly;

Give the order in parts and pause for transmission.

Light signal transmission of commands... To indicate enemy positions, both small-sized firing devices and conventional signal flares can be used. But at the same time, it must be remembered that this also gives the enemy the position of a commander, who for him is the main goal. The designated soldier must give the signal. These signals can be used to command a ceasefire.

Whistle transmission of commands. This is the most important remedy for giving and executing commands. The whistle is used to signal the follow-up of a command, the start of its execution, or the termination of a previous action and the execution of a new command, as well as to attract the attention of subordinates. Whistle and voice are the most important control methods and the only ones that are effective in combat.

Whistle Command Procedure:

The commander blows the whistle - attracts the attention of subordinates; the personnel are waiting for the next command and continue firing;

The commander gives a command in combination with a gesture;

The servicemen transmit the received command along the chain;

The commander blows the whistle to indicate the start of the command;

For example, the following commands may be given before the whistle:

To move forward: “Platoon (squad). In the direction of a separate tree, by "twos", by dashes, FORWARD ";

To retreat back: “Prepare to retreat” This command, like the command “Prepare to attack”, is accompanied by the word “prepare”. This is due to the fact that each soldier must prepare a smoke grenade and then throw it over the whistle to create a smoke screen;

Other.

The giving of commands in battle must be accompanied by the giving of signals with gestures. Unlike the statutory formation control signals, there are no uniform gesture control signals in battle, so you can use the signals listed below. These signals are good in that they can be used to control a unit at a great distance, provided that it is concealed from observation by the enemy.

The procedure for transmitting signals, commands and setting tasks with gestures. Training in the execution of signals and commands given day and night

Gesture signals (option)

Signal (command)	Gesture filing order
1. To deploy a group into a chain	spread both arms to the sides several times
2. To disperse slowly and silently	slowly bend your arms at the elbows and slowly spread them to the sides downward, unclenching the fingers of both hands
3. In order for the unit to quickly disperse	sharply spread your arms to the sides down
	raise the arm bent at the elbow to the chin and quickly lower it with the palm down
5. Attention	raise your hand up to the height of your head
	raise your hand up, make circular movements above your head and energetically lower it down
7. To move forward, backward, sideways	raise your hand to head height and lower it to shoulder height, indicating the desired direction
8. I see the enemy	extend your arm horizontally to the side and hold it to failure
9. I see, I hear (review)	raise both hands up to the height of the head and lower them
10. Crawl silently to the enemy	indicate the direction with your left hand, and make several zigzag movements with your right palm
11. Stun the enemy and tie	designate a blow with a left fist on the jaw or on the head, with the right hand, make a circular motion 2-3 times around the left
12. Symbols: destroy the enemy with a knife, look through the window, surround the house, let the enemy pass, climb a tree, etc.	show with sharp expressive movements of the hand (or both hands). This training should be carried out in the following way: the commander shows the action with a gesture and asks the students if they understood the gesture correctly. After mastering the signs, you can perform the necessary actions.
13. When acting at night, silent formations, rearrangements, movements are made according to previously studied signal gestures, by touching the hand on the shoulder, chest, back, headdress, as well as by light pushes of the hand against the body

Alternatively, each department can develop and use its own gesture signals, which can be borrowed, for example, from the following table.

Constructions

Designations

Alerts

Methodological features of studying sign language... Learning gestures, i.e. the gestures themselves and what they mean begins with the commander showing a certain set of gestures and explaining the purpose of each of them. Then he suggests a phrase to be shown with gestures and shows it in conjunction with gestures. During the showing of the phrase with gestures at the initial stage of training, he duplicates its meaning out loud.

For example, the commander wants to move a little forward and ask the nearby shooter to cover him. In the ear, the phrase sounds like this: I - Move There - You - Me - Cover. With gestures: I (pointed at myself) - Moving There (indicated the direction) - You (pointed at him) - Me (pointed at myself) - Cover (show the gesture of covering).

Each of these gestures must be clearly shown to the trainee, i.e. when indicating the direction of your movement, you need to make several amplitude swings with the forearm, and so that the hand moves in the direction of the intended movement. The soldier to whom this phrase is intended must read it all. In this case, it is necessary to gesticulate in such a way that the observers can see the border between the "words." In other words, you need to “speak” quickly, but clearly, dividing the phrase into its component parts. If a soldier understood what was "said" to him, then he confirms it with a sign - "understood."

When communicating, it is necessary to take into account the distance from the commander to the subordinate. If they are next to each other, then when giving a signal, you should not, for example, raise your hand high to give a command. This can be done at the level of the face or even the chest.

Being, for example, in a building or in a forest at conventionally medium and long distances, before giving a signal, the commander must first draw attention to himself, and only then begin to command.

Options for training phrases:

I - Move There - You - Me - Cover;

You - Look - There;

You - You - Move - There;

I - You - You - Moving - There - You - You - Cover;

There is a Sniper;

Attention - There - Three - One - Two - Three - Forward;

There - Two - Opponents.

Alert signals used during preparation and during the battle, the order of their presentation in various ways. Training in the execution of signals given day and night

Notification of personnel about an air enemy, an imminent threat and the beginning of the use of weapons by the enemy mass destruction, as well as about radioactive, chemical and biological contamination is carried out by single and constantly acting signals.

Personnel actions:

Immediately takes up a hideout, trench, trench, or any cover available.

Personnel actions:

In an open area, without stopping the task, immediately puts on respirators (gas masks) and skin protection;

In closed cars, shelters and rooms not equipped with filtration ventilation - only respirators (gas masks).

Areas of radioactive contamination by vehicles are overcome at maximum speeds and increased distances. Drivers wear a respirator (gas mask) when short stop.

Personnel actions:

In an open area, without interrupting the task, immediately puts on a gas mask and skin protection;

In closed cars, shelters and rooms not equipped with filtration ventilation - only gas masks. The driver puts on a gas mask at a short stop.

All personnel of the unit must know the warning signals. The commander determines in advance the order of action of the subordinates by warning signals and, when they are in penumbra, issues the appropriate commands.

At the signal of warning about radioactive, chemical and bacterial contamination, given in time of the march, the movement does not stop. Each driver observes his place in the convoy and the established speed and distance. The windows of the cabins, hatches, shutters are closed. Personnel when in a covered car or armored vehicle, drivers put on gas masks when alerted (drivers of wheeled vehicles wear gas masks for a short stop, and drivers of tracked vehicles when moving at reduced speeds). While on open cars the personnel also wear protective raincoats.

In the course of the offensive upon a signal of a warning about radioactive, chemical and bacterial contamination, the personnel immediately put on gas masks and other protective equipment and continue to carry out a combat mission. Skin protection products are used depending on the type of infection, meteorological conditions and mode of travel.

On the defensive with the receipt of a signal of an imminent threat of use by the enemy nuclear weapons(when applied by the enemy nuclear strike) all personnel take cover, and when used by the enemy chemical weapons immediately puts on means of individual protection (collective protection systems are switched on in tanks, infantry fighting vehicles).

Observers and crews on duty put on gas masks and skin protection at the warning signal and, remaining in their places, continue to carry out a combat mission.

The notification signal about the end of radioactive, chemical bacterial contamination is not installed. Personal protective equipment is removed at the command of the subunit commander after it is established with the help of instruments that there is no danger of injury to personnel. With the premature removal of protective equipment, especially in cases where the enemy uses highly toxic agents, it is possible that toxic substances are released from uniforms and equipment as a result of desorption (release into the atmosphere).

During the battle, when operating on infantry fighting vehicles, the platoon commander controls the platoon by radio, commands and signals. At the same time, when working on radio facilities, commanders must strictly observe the rules of negotiation. In a platoon, all commands in battle are transmitted by radio in clear text. When giving commands, squad commanders are called by call signs, and terrain points are indicated from landmarks and conventional names. In a combat situation, when setting into a trench, overcoming a dangerous area of the terrain and in other cases, the commander controls the combat vehicle with established signals given by his hands, being outside it at a safe distance facing the driver. When fighting on foot, the platoon commander controls subordinates by giving commands by voice, signals and through messengers. He carries out the submission of commands and the setting of combat missions for the opening of fire from the armament of the BMP (armored personnel carrier) through his deputy, who remains in the infantry fighting vehicles. When managing single soldiers operating on foot, the team usually indicates: rank and surname, what action to take, the executive part of the team. A platoon operating on foot without infantry fighting vehicles is deployed from the marching order to the pre-battle order at the command "Platoon, in the direction of such and such an object (to such and such a line), to the MARSH squad line." Squads, at the command of their commanders, move to their directions and, maintaining alignment with the guiding squad, continue to move. A platoon operating in vehicles, from the column to the battle line, is deployed on command, for example: "Platoon, in the direction of a fallen tree, to the line of the road - TO FIGHT" or "Platoon, follow me - TO FIGHT". A platoon operating on foot, from a pre-battle formation, is deployed on command, for example: "A platoon, in the direction of a dry tree, to a hillock, ruins, directing - the second squad - TO FIGHT" or "Platoon, after me - TO FIGHT". When deployed into a battle formation from a pre-battle formation, each squad, at the command of its commander, is deployed into a chain and, maintaining alignment with the guiding squad, continues to move in the indicated direction from maximum speed... A detachment, operating on foot, is deployed in a chain on command, for example: "A detachment, in the direction of a wide bush, to the line of a mound, a pit, directing - Private Semyonov - TO FIGHT" or "Division, after me - TO FIGHT". To repel the enemy with fire from the spot, the platoon commander gives the command "Platoon - STAND", along which the platoon lays down, applied to the terrain, and is made for firing. To resume the movement, the platoon commander gives the command "Platoon - attack, FORWARD". The platoon commander changes the direction of movement of the platoon on command, for example: "Platoon, to the right in the direction of the forest ledge, directing the first squad - MARCH". The guiding compartment changes direction to the specified object, the remaining compartments move to a new direction and continue to move, maintaining alignment with the guiding compartment. When the platoon turns around in the pre-battle order, squads at the command of their commanders "Squad, follow me - MARCH" or "Squad, round - MARCH" follow their commanders or simultaneously turn around and continue moving in a new direction. The platoon commander rebuilds the platoon from the battle line into the column on command, for example: "Platoon, in the direction, to the column - MARCH". In this case, the platoon commander's car continues to move, the rest of the cars in the order of numbers go to the direction of movement of the platoon commander's car, take their places in the convoy and continue to move, observing set distances... The platoon from the chain to the line of squads is rebuilt by command, for example: "Platoon, in the direction of a separate building, in the line of squads - MARCH". Each compartment is rebuilt into a column one by one and, observing the intervals, continues to move in the indicated direction. A platoon from a line of squads (from a chain) into a column is rebuilt by command, for example: "Platoon, in the direction of the shed, into a column one by one (three each), directing - the first squad - MARCH" or "Platoon, follow me, into a column one by one (three each) - MARCH ". To transmit preset signals, signaling means are used: signal flares, flags, electric lights, searchlights of combat vehicles, tracer bullets and various sound means. Signals can be given with weapons, headgear and hands. Units should only carry out signals from their immediate commander and circular alerts. They are served before receiving a response (response) or the start of command execution. The order of giving commands with a whistle: 1) the commander blows the whistle - attracts the attention of subordinates; personnel are waiting for the next command and continue firing; 2) the commander gives a command in combination with a gesture; 3) the servicemen transmit the command received in a chain; 4) the commander blows a whistle to indicate the start of the command; 5) for several seconds (3- x) the entire personnel of the subunit conducts heavy fire at the enemy and after that begins to fulfill the assigned task.

Commands for movement of personnel in battle

Movement on the battlefield when operating on foot can be carried out with a quick step or running (in full height or crouching), dashes and crawls

Dash are used for quick rapprochement with the enemy in open areas. The dash begins from a prone position at the command (signal) of the squad leader (senior combat group) or independently. Before starting the dash, it is necessary to choose a position in advance, which should provide protection from enemy fire. The length of the dash should be 20-40 steps on average. The more open the terrain, the faster and shorter the dash should be. It is carried out rapidly, in the direction of the stopping place, located 1-2 m from the selected position. Before starting the dash, you must carefully inspect the terrain and evaluate options for subsequent actions. Having reached the place of stopping, it is necessary to lie down on the ground with a running start and roll (crawl) to the chosen position and get ready for firing. The position of the weapon during the dash is at the choice of the runner.

A platoon can dash one at a time or in squads, and a squad can dash one at a time, in battle groups, or all at the same time.

Platoon (squad) dashes are made according to the commands:

one at a time - "Platoon (squad, group), in the direction of such and such an object (to such and such a line), dash, to the right (left, right and left) one by one - FORWARD";

by squads (combat groups) - “Platoon (squad), in the direction of such and such an object (to such and such a line), by a dash, such and such (such and such) squad (group) - FORWARD”;

the whole staff - "Branch, in the direction of such and such an object (to such and such a line), by a dash - FORWARD."

When dashing one by one on the executive command "FORWARD", the right-flank (left-flank or both left-flank and right-flank) jumps up and, rapidly running 20-40 steps, takes a pre-selected position (a place for shooting), is made to open fire and covers the movement of the second (second).

Simultaneously with the stop of the first (first), the second (second) begins to run over; Having advanced to the line of the first (first) runner, he takes a pre-selected position (place for shooting), is made to open fire and covers the movement of the first (first).

The first (first), running over when the second (second) stops, runs over in the same way until reaching the specified line.

When dashing through battle groups in the platoon, several combat groups, determined to be moved by the squad leaders, run simultaneously in the same way as one by one (the maneuver group runs under the cover of the fire group, the fire group - under the cover of the maneuver group).

When the platoon runs through the squads each squad begins to move at the command of its squad leader "Division, in the direction of such and such an object (to such and such a line), with a dash, behind me - FORWARD." The personnel of the department simultaneously jump up and, after running 20-40 steps, take a break. To resume the movement, the command "Branch - FORWARD" is given. The movement of squads is carried out under mutual cover of fire.

Infantry fighting vehicles (armored personnel carriers) with their fire support the advancement of the personnel of their subunits and, using the folds of the terrain, will mix from cover to cover.

Crawling are used for imperceptible rapprochement with the enemy and covertly overcoming open areas of the terrain that are under observation or shelling of the enemy. As before the dash, before crawling, it is necessary to outline the path of movement and sheltered places to stop.

In the conditions of the use of "mine-stretchers" by the enemy, it is necessary to use a cat on a cord, which is thrown forward from a prone position and pulled up to itself, activating the fuses of the installed mines. When using a cat, the soldiers of their unit should not be in the mine affected area.

Climbing is carried out on bellies, on poluverki and on the side in the following order.

On a preliminary command, the crawler must outline the path of movement and sheltered places of stops for a break, and on the executive command, crawl in one of the indicated ways. To crawl a platoon and squad, the same commands are given as when moving in dashes, for example: "Platoon, in the direction of such and such an object (to such and such a line), crawling to the right (left), for squads - FORWARD" or "Squad ( battle group), in the direction of such and such an object (to such and such a line), crawling to the right (left, right and left) one by one - FORWARD.

To crawl on bellies, lie firmly on the ground, with your right hand take the weapon by the belt at the upper swivel and put it on the forearm of your right hand. Pull up the right (left) leg and at the same time stretch the left (right) arm as far as possible; pushing off with a bent leg, move the body forward, continue the movement in the same order.

When crawling, do not raise your head high.

To crawl on semi-fours, kneel down and lean on your forearms or hands. Pull the bent right (left) leg under the chest, while pulling the left (right) arm forward. Move the body forward until the right (left) leg is fully straightened, while simultaneously pulling the other bent leg under you and stretching the other arm, continue the movement in the same order. Hold the weapon: when leaning on the forearms - the same as when crawling on bellies; when resting on the hands - in the right hand.

To crawl on your side, lie on your left side; pulling your left leg forward, bent at the knee, lean on the forearm of your left hand, with your right foot rest your heel on the ground as close to you as possible; unbending the right leg, move the body forward without changing the position of the left leg, and then continue the movement in the same order. Hold the weapon with your right hand, placing it on the thigh of your left leg.

Moving at a fast pace crouching down it is used for covert movement in terrain with low shelters (low bushes, tall grass, ditch, etc.), along trenches and communication passages.

Running (slow, fast and medium paced) can be used when attacking the enemy, as well as to overcome certain areas of the terrain. High-speed running in full growth or crouching is used during dashes, when running out of cover to combat and transport vehicles.

To stop the platoon (squad), the command “Platoon (squad, group) - STAND” is given, and to resume movement - “Platoon (squad, group) - FORWARD”.

When conducting actions at night and the need to hide your movement from the enemy (to achieve surprise attack, when conducting reconnaissance), if during the movement the terrain is suddenly illuminated by the enemy, you must immediately stop movement and lie motionless until the end of the lighting.

Platoon movement (branches) back is carried out in the same ways as forward, at the command "Platoon (squad), move to such and such an object (to such and such a line), to the right (left or right and left) one at a time (in groups, squads) - BACK" ...

THEME № 3: "The actions of a soldier in battle." Lesson number 1: "Methods and means of commanding servicemen in battle. Commands, signals and actions on them. Tre

THEME No. 3:
"The actions of a soldier in battle."
Lesson number 1:
"Methods and means of control

actions on them. Training in action
commands and signals. Familiarization with
portable means of communication,
used in the subdivisions of the TTO, ATO.

served day and night. "

Learning objectives:
1. Introduce responsibilities
soldier in battle, commands and signals
control of military personnel in battle;
2. Teach techniques and methods
the actions of a soldier in battle;
3. To instill in trainees patriotism,
pride in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.

Study questions:
1. Methods and controls
military personnel in battle.
2. Familiarization with portable means
communications used in TTO divisions,
ATO.
3. Training in action by commands and
signals.
Training in the execution of signals and commands,
served day and night.
Time: 2 hours.
Method: lecture.
Venue: class.

1st LEARNING QUESTION:

"Methods and means of control
military personnel in battle.
Commands, signals and actions for
him ".

To solve control problems, first
a council of war is introduced under the commander-in-chief, and
later - the headquarters of associations, formations and units.
Trusting the squad (tank) commanders, the commander
platoon at the same time, possessing knowledge and experience,
constantly monitors (monitors) the progress
preparation of units for battle and, if necessary
must help them at any time. Commander
motorized rifle (tank) platoon controls
platoon: - by radio, - by commands given
voice, - signaling means, - actions, by
the principle of "do what I am".
Inside the combat vehicle, platoon commander, squad
(tanka) controls the actions of subordinates:
- commands given by negotiation
device,
- voice,
- established signals.

Communication should be organized in such a way
so that, firstly, it was uninterrupted
and reliable and, secondly, provided
quick and hidden report of solutions and
transmission of orders, orders,
signals.
The main means of visual
alarms are:
- signal and lighting cartridges,
- smoke bombs and hand smoke grenades,
- lighting and smoke shells and mines,
- flags,
- lights.

Command - a short verbal order in
a certain form. After which should
follow immediate execution
When giving commands, the commanders
squads (tanks) are called by call signs, and
points of the terrain are indicated from landmarks and by
conventional names. Submission procedure
commands (signals) by
the radio should be next. Callsign
the called radio station is called once;
the word "I" and the call sign of your radio station-
once; command (signal) content -
once;
the word "I" and the call sign of your radio station -
once; the word "reception" - once.
For example: "Birch-13, I-Ash21, advance in the direction of landmark 4,
bend of the stream "Rotten", I - Ash-21, reception "

On the received command (signal) squad (tank) commander
immediately confirms accurate
by repeating a command (signal) or just a word
"Understood" with his callsign.
For example: "Ash-21, I am Birch-13, I understand
direction landmark 4, bend of the Gniloy brook, i -
Birch-13, reception "" I am Birch-13, I understand, reception. "
With poor audibility and strong interference, the commander
Platoon commands (signals) can be transmitted twice.
For example: "Birch-13, I-Ash-21, reduce
distance, reduce the distance, I am Ash-21, reception ”.
When managing single military personnel,
operating on foot, the team usually
the title and surname are indicated, what action
produce, the executive part of the team.
For example: "Private Petrov - to the battle."
"Private Ivanov run across to a separate tree -
forward".
“Lance corporal Sidorov crawl to a separate bush -
forward".

10.

A platoon operating on foot without combat vehicles from
marching order in the pre-battle is deployed on
command (signal).
For example:
“A platoon, in the direction of such and such an object (to such and such
line), in the line of branches - a march. "
A platoon operating on foot from the pre-battle
order or from the column, bypassing the pre-battle order,
expands into a chain on command.
For example: "Platoon, in the direction of a dry tree, to the line
hillock, ruins, guide - second compartment - to
fight, forward "
or "Platoon, follow me - to battle, forward."
To repel the enemy with fire from the spot, the platoon commander
gives the command "Platoon - stop", according to which the personnel
lies, applied to the terrain, and is made for
firing. To resume movement, the commander
platoon gives the command "Platoon - forward", and adds
(if necessary) - "run".

11.

Signal is a sign physical process, or a phenomenon that carries
message about any event, state of an object, or
transmitting control commands, alerts, etc.
For signaling, the following are used:
1. During the day, flags of two colors: red (orange) and white (yellow);
at night - electric lights or portable lamps with
reflectors of two colors: red (orange) and green
(blue) .Flags measuring 30x20 cm are made of woolen
matter. The shaft 50 cm long can be wooden or

fastening to the belt.
2. Flags measuring 30x20 cm are made of woolen fabric.
The shaft 50 cm long can be wooden or
metal. Flags must be kept clean,
wash off in a timely manner; for this, the flag must
easy to remove from the shaft. Flags are worn in leather or
canvas covers with a loop or hook for
fastening to the belt.
3. All personnel of armored units must know everything
set signals and be able to give them correctly and
accept.

12.

4. Commands can be given as one signal or
a combination of them, for example:
to give the command "ANGLE BACK", the signals should be given:
"Corner" and "Back";
to give a command. "OCCURRING TO THE RIGHT" should be submitted
signals: "Ledge" and "Right";
to build a company in an open formation "Line of platoon
columns "should give signals:" Turn around "and" Line
columns "; the signal" Line of columns "is repeated several times.
To turn right or to stop, drive
respectively signals: "Right" and "Stop"; in that case,
if you want to perform a simultaneous turn, or
stopping at the same time, then before the turn signal or
stop, the "All" signal is given;
To transmit a command that only applies to one of the
subdivisions, a signal is given beforehand,
indicating the number of the division: "1st division", "2nd
subdivision "," 3rd subdivision ".
5. Change the meaning established by this Charter
signals and the order of their submission is prohibited. Allowed when
the need to temporarily install additional
signals for their presentation with flags, hand, cap, branch and
other items.

13.

14.

15.

16.

17.

18.

19. 20. 2nd LEARNING QUESTION:

"Familiarization with portable
means of communication,
applied in
subdivisions of TTO, ATO ".

21.

A COMMUNICATION is a device that provides
transmission and (or) reception of messages in the communication / communication system. They
provide information exchange in control systems
troops.
Communication means include:
COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE: (radio transmitters and radios,
radio linear, tropospheric stations, stations
space communications, high-frequency equipment
telephony, special communication equipment, hardware
mobile communication centers, command and staff vehicles and
combat control vehicles, remote control equipment
control and monitoring, notification, sound recording,
loudspeaker communication and other equipment designed for
transmission, reception and transformation of information).
WIRED LINEAR FACILITIES: (underground and
submarine cables, lightweight field communication cables, field
long-distance communication cables, fittings and materials for
construction or laying of communication lines).
To manage tantkotechnical support in
battalion, in addition to radio equipment, wired ones are used,
mobile, signal and other means of communication.

22. RADIO COMMUNICATIONS

Stationary
The R-123M radio station is designed to provide
round-the-clock two-way radio communication between tanks
and other armored vehicles while driving and on
parking with a radio station of the same type, as well as with others
VHF radio stations and frequency modulation.
R-123M radio station - transceiver,
VHF, telephone, with frequency
modulation, with noise suppressor; provides
the following types of communication:
- telephone communication by simplex, in which the transmission and
reception is made in turn, and the transition from reception to
transfer and back is carried out using
chest switch;
-Duty reception when the radio station works only in
long-term reception mode.

23.

The R-173 radio station is a transceiver,
VHF, simplex, frequency modulation and
designed to provide two-way
telephone, radio communication between mobile
objects while driving and in the parking lot.
The radio station provides a search-free entry into
communication and non-tuning communication on any of
ten prearranged frequencies (RFP).
The radio station provides operation on pin
antennas (length 3, 2 and 1m), wide-band VHF
antenna and emergency antenna.
For a common whip antenna using antenna decoupling devices:
- two radio stations R-173;
- radio stations R-173 and radio receiver R-173p;
- radio stations R-173 and HF radio stations R-134, on
separate whip antennas;
- two radio stations R-173;
- radio station R-173 and radio receiver R-173p.

24.

Portable
Radio stations R-159 broadband, knapsack,
portable, VHF, transceiver, simplex,
TF and TG with frequency modulation, with narrowband
by telegraphy, with tone call, as well as
with the possibility of remote control in TF mode is intended
for communication in radio networks with the same type
radio stations.
Setting the radio station frequency using
switches and automatic setting
transmitter to the antenna provide entry into
communication, within 20-30s. Getting into radio communication
is performed without searching, and communication - without
adjustment, at any frequency of the range, for
excluding the affected frequencies.
The R-159 radio station is intended for communication
in the parking lot and when carrying it by the radio operator, and the R-159 with
ULF - for communication from the cockpit on the go and
the parking lot of cars UAZ-469, GAZ-66, ZIL-131.

25.

For service in the communications platoon of the battalion for motorized rifle
the mouth is supplied to the radio station R-148. This is a portable, ultra-short-wave, transceiver, telephone with frequency
modulation, searchless and tuningless.
The R-148 radio station is designed to provide communication in
radio networks of a motorized rifle company.
The frequency range is from 37 to 52 MHz, in this range it has 299
operating frequencies, equal number of frequencies in 25 kHz. Nutrition
carried out from batteries IOANKTS. Weight
radio stations 3 kg., communication range with Kulikov antenna up to 6
km.
In the troops, you can also find the R-126 radio station, which has
the same purpose as the R-148 radio station, but several
other data.
Frequency range from 48.5 to 51.5 MHz. In this range
placed 31 operating frequencies. Different quantity frequencies through
500 khz The radio is powered by a battery
SCD-12. One set of radio power supply provides
work during operation reception-transmission 3: 1 within 13-16 hours.
The radio station is equipped with a 1.5m flexible cord antenna. WITH
communication range up to 2 km. and a beam antenna 40 m long.
communication range up to 6 km. The weight of the radio station is 2.8 kg.

26.

To replace the R-148 radio station, the troops begin to receive
radio station R-159, which according to its data is similar to
radio station R-148, but it is somewhat easier to prepare for
work.
All of these radios have a valid and single
set.
The operating set of the radio station includes:
transceiver, whip antenna, two batteries
SPD 12, headset for microtelephone - tickophone and
one-ear headphone.
A single set of radio station includes: battery
SPD-12 4 pcs., Protective tarpaulin cover, beam
antenna, microtelephone headset - laryngophone and
one-ear headset, counterweight, heater,
antenna extensions 22 pcs., special key, light bulb
backlights, electrolyte - 0.15 l., spare radio tubes,
form, technical description and instructions for
operation 1 pc. for 4 products, instructions for
operation of SPD accumulators - 12 for 4 sets of one.

27.

The radio station consists of eight blocks:
local oscillator block;
high frequency amplifier block,
power amplifier and mixer;
variable capacitor unit;
intermediate frequency amplifier block;
discriminator limiter unit;
low frequency amplifier unit;
constant converter unit
voltage;
block of filters, headset and larigophone
autotransformer.

28.

POWER SUPPLIES AND THEIR CONNECTION:
The power source of the R-126 radio station is two
series-connected accumulator SPD-12. Weight of two
batteries 400g. Voltage - 2.6 - 2.75V. Bulk accumulators,
silver-zinc. Service life - fifty "Discharge-Charge" cycles.
The batteries are changed after they have been discharged to a voltage of 2.75
v. in transmission mode.
Signs of battery discharge are significant
reduction of the noise floor in the receiver. On the side wall
the battery has two extreme risks, if the battery is charged, then
the electrolyte level is at the upper line, if it is discharged, then at
bottom.
The polarity must be observed when connecting. Poles
marked on the terminals of the batteries and the terminals of the radio stations.
The power source of the R-148 radio station is a battery
IОАНСЦ with voltage 12V. battery IОАНКЦ provides work
radio stations in the 3: 1 receive-transmit mode for 10 hours, with
mode temperature from +50 to –40 degrees.
To connect the batteries, open the cover and
Observing the polarity, install the battery into the radio station.
The radio must be turned off.

29.3ND LEARNING QUESTION:

"Workout
v
actions
on
commands and signals. Workout in
execution of signals and commands
served day and night. "

30.

This training question is being worked out on
training camp (at a military unit).

31. Topic number 3. "The actions of a soldier in battle."

Lesson number 1 "Ways and means of management
military personnel in battle. Commands, signals and
actions on them. Training in command action
and signals. Familiarization with portable aids
communications used in the subdivisions of TTO, ATO.
Training in the execution of signals and commands
served day and night. "
Self-study assignment:
Explore:
- Techniques and methods of actions of a soldier in battle, M .: Voenizdat, 1988
Topic for the next lesson:
Topic No. 3, lesson No. 2: "Actions of a soldier on the march on signals
alerts. Control and interaction. Sentinel actions when
inspection of the area and local objects. ".

PLAN

on academic discipline "Tactical training".

Lesson 1: The duties of a soldier in battle. Purpose and combat missions motorized rifle department. Fire means of separation. The marching and battle formations of the squad.

Discussed at the meeting

subject-methodological commission

"___" ________2011

Protocol No. _____

“APPROVED »

Boss military department

Colonel V. TRUSOV

"____" _________ 2011

PLAN

CONDUCTING A TACTICAL EXERCISE

by academic discipline "Tactical training".

Topic 4: "The actions of a soldier in battle."

Lesson 1:

I. Learning objectives:

To study the duties of a soldier in battle, combat missions, marching and combat formations of a motorized rifle squad

To get acquainted with the methods of command and control of military personnel in battle, commands and signals, and the procedure for action on them.

Study questions:

First study question: The duties of a soldier in battle.

Second tutorial question

Third tutorial question: Management of single soldiers in battle. Methods of controlling military personnel in battle. Commands, signals and actions on them.

II. Educational and material support:

1. Literature

a) main:

Combat Regulations for the Preparation and Conduct of Combined Arms Combat, Part III (platoon, squad, tank), Moscow: Voenizdat, 2005.

Tactics, Part I (platoon, squad, tank): Textbook, - Moscow: Military Publishing, 1992.

Andrusenko N.N. Motorized rifle (tank) platoon in battle: Textbook, - M .: Voenizdat, 1989.

Moiseenko N.P. Organization, armament and tactics of actions of formations, units and subunits of the armies of foreign states: Tutorial, - M .: Military Publishing, 2001.

Reference material(printed).

b) Visual aids:

diagrams (slides).

v) Technical training aids:

multimedia projector - 1 unit;

blackboard; screen; pointer.

Introductory part- 5 minutes.

I accept the report on the readiness of the platoon to engage. Checking for availability appearance students and their readiness for the lesson. If any shortcomings are identified, I give instructions on how to eliminate them. If there are absent students, I am convinced of the legitimacy of the reasons for their absence.

I announce the topic, educational goals, the order of the lesson.

In my introductory remarks, I emphasize the relevance of the topic of the lesson, its importance for the further education of students, as well as the importance of a tactical lesson in the study of the discipline.

After a short introduction, I turn to working out the educational questions of the lesson.

First study question: The duties of a soldier in battle.

I am announcing the educational question and the procedure for working it out. After that, I turn to the consideration of the duties of a soldier in battle. I voice to the students the duties of a soldier in battle, showing slides that reveal the main provisions of the material in question. The trainees listen attentively and, in the course of the presentation of the material, make notes in their workbooks.

At the end of the presentation of the first study question I determine the degree of assimilation by trainees teaching material by the method of a short oral survey of 2-3 students.

Each soldier must perfectly know and keep in constant combat readiness his weapon and military equipment, masterfully own them and skillfully apply them, be ready to replace a comrade who has gone out of action.

Every soldier is obliged:

Know the methods and techniques of actions in battle, have the skills of actions with weapons (when arming a combat vehicle) worked out to automatism on the battlefield in different conditions furnishings;

Know and understand the task received;

Know control signals, interactions, alerts and the procedure for actions on them;

To be able to conduct reconnaissance of the enemy and the terrain, while performing a combat mission, to constantly observe, to effectively use weapons (armament of a combat vehicle), to detect and strike the enemy in a timely manner;

Be able to correctly select and equip a firing position (a place for shooting), use the protective and camouflaging properties of terrain and combat vehicles to resist enemy fire;

Know the size, volume, sequence and timing of fortification equipment; be able to quickly equip trenches and shelters, including using explosives, carry out disguise;

To act steadily and stubbornly in defense, boldly and decisively in the offensive; show courage, initiative and resourcefulness in battle; provide assistance to a friend;

To be able to fire at low-flying aircraft, helicopters and other air targets of the enemy from small arms;

Know how to defend against weapons of mass destruction and precision weapons enemy;

Skillfully use the terrain, personal protective equipment and protective properties combat vehicles;

Overcome barriers, obstacles and contamination zones; install and neutralize anti-tank and anti-personnel mines; carry out special processing;

Do not leave your place in battle without the permission of the commander;

In case of injury or defeat by radioactive, toxic substances, biological agents, and incendiary weapon accept necessary measures self and mutual assistance and continue to carry out the task received;

Be able to prepare weapons and ammunition for combat use, quickly fill clips, magazines, tapes with cartridges;

Monitor the consumption of ammunition and refueling of the combat vehicle, promptly report to your commander on the consumption of 0.5 and 0.75 of the stock of missiles (ammunition) and refueling;

If a combat vehicle is damaged, take measures to restore it.

Each sergeant and soldier is obliged to protect the commander in battle, in case of injury or death, boldly take command of the unit.

Second tutorial question: Designation and combat missions of the motorized rifle squad. Fire means of separation. The marching and battle formations of the squad.

Presenting educational material, I follow the discipline of students in class and control their work, making sure they have time to make notes in their notebooks.

Motorized rifle squads are designed to solve the main tasks:

V defense- to destroy the enemy with fire during his transition to the attack, to repel it, to firmly hold the positions and objects occupied;

V offensive- to destroy manpower and military equipment of the enemy and capture the specified objects.

Order of battle a motorized rifle squad can be built on the basis of combat groups: agile and fire... The composition of the combat groups is determined by the squad leader. In addition, a combat vehicle may be included in the battle formation of a squad.

The maneuvering group is designed to carry out missions to destroy the enemy, firmly hold positions and objects, and seize his objects, weapons and equipment. As a rule, a senior gunner and one or two gunners are assigned to the maneuvering group.

The fire group is designed to support the actions of the maneuvering group with fire and carry out with it the tasks of destroying the enemy, firmly holding positions and objects and seizing his objects, weapons and equipment. As a rule, a fire group includes a squad leader, a grenade launcher, an assistant grenade launcher, and a machine gunner. Depending on the assigned mission and the conditions of the situation, the composition of the combat groups may be different.

Fighting machine is designed to support the actions of combat groups with fire, destroy armored, unarmored objects and enemy manpower, as well as to transport squad personnel.

Motorized rifle department can operate on foot (in winter - on skis), on infantry fighting vehicles (armored personnel carriers, cars and landing troops on tanks.

When performing combat missions, the squad fires from weapons of infantry fighting vehicles (armored personnel carriers), from machine guns, machine guns, sniper rifles, grenade launchers, uses hand grenades and in hand-to-hand combat- blows with a bayonet, butt and infantry shovel.

The fire of the armament of infantry fighting vehicles destroys tanks, other armored vehicles, fire weapons and manpower of the enemy, destroys its fortifications, affects low-flying aircraft, helicopters and other aerial targets. The fire of the armament of armored personnel carriers (MTLB) destroys manpower, fire weapons and other targets.

Submachine guns and machine guns are used to destroy enemy manpower and fire weapons. In addition, they can be used to engage low-flying air targets.

Sniper rifle It is used to destroy important single targets (officers, observers, snipers, calculations of fire weapons, low-flying helicopters) of the enemy.

Anti-tank missile systems, anti-tank grenade launchers and rocket-propelled anti-tank grenades are used to destroy tanks and other armored vehicles, and other grenade launchers and hand grenades are used to defeat enemy manpower and fire weapons located outside shelters, in open trenches, trenches and behind shelters (in hollows, ravines, etc. on the opposite slopes of heights).

The firing position (place for shooting) should be comfortable, provide a wide view and fire, cover the weapon (gunner) from enemy observation, exclude the presence of dead spaces in the firing sector and ensure maneuvering. After several shots (bursts) have been fired from one firing position (shooting area), in order to prevent the enemy from firing aimed fire and deceiving him, it is changed.

It is forbidden to choose and occupy a firing position (place for shooting) on the crests of heights (hills, hills), in front of local objects, against which the silhouette of the shooter will be clearly visible.

Third tutorial question: Management of single soldiers in battle. Methods of controlling military personnel in battle. Commands, signals and actions on them.

I am announcing the educational question and the procedure for working it out. I bring the studied material of the question to the students by voice, showing slides that reveal the main provisions of the material in question. The trainees listen attentively and, in the course of the presentation of the material, make notes in their workbooks.

Presenting educational material, I follow the discipline of students in class and control their work, making sure they have time to make notes in their notebooks.

At the end of the presentation of the educational question, I determine the degree of mastering by the students of the educational material by the method of a short oral survey of 2-3 students.

The management of subunits (personnel) consists in the purposeful activity of the commander to maintain them in constant combat readiness, training of subunits (personnel, weapons and military equipment) to battle (to complete the task received) and to lead them in the performance of tasks.

Management should be sustainable, continuous, operational and hidden, ensure constant combat readiness subunits, the effective use of their combat capabilities and the successful fulfillment of assigned tasks on time and in any conditions.

Management stability is achieved by: correct understanding of the task set by the senior chief; persistent implementation decisions taken; skillful organization of work on communications; maintaining stable communication with the senior chief, with subordinates and interacting units.

Continuity of control is achieved by: constant knowledge and comprehensive assessment of the current situation; timely decision-making and clear assignment of tasks to subordinates; skillful use of communications; restoration of the disturbed control in the shortest possible time.

Efficiency of management is achieved by: quick response to changes in the situation; timely influence on the actions of units in the interests of fulfilling the assigned tasks.

Stealth control is achieved by: covert placement and movement of the command-observation post (the commander in battle formation); strict adherence to the rules and procedures for the use of communication facilities, established modes of their operation and radio masking measures; education of personnel in the spirit of high vigilance.

Management of subunits (firepower, personnel) is organized and carried out on the basis of the commander's decision.

The squad leader manages personnel, radio crews, voice commands, signals, and personal example. Inside the combat vehicle, the commander controls the actions of his subordinates with commands given over the intercom, voice, or established signals.

In an offensive, when a motorized rifle platoon is operating on foot, the squad leader is located in a place that ensures effective control of subunits (subordinates) and fire.

To control subunits and fire, the senior chief establishes uniform control signals.

executive commands - by established signals. When the enemy creates radio interference, the radio stations, at the command of the company (platoon) commander, are rebuilt to reserve frequencies.

Units should only carry out signals from their immediate commander and circular alerts. They are served until a response (response) is received or the execution of a command (signal) begins.

When managing subunits (subordinate) signals, it must be remembered that the signal means unmask the location of the commander.

Personnel are alerted about an air enemy, an imminent threat and the beginning of the use of weapons of mass destruction by the enemy, as well as about radioactive, chemical and biological contamination, by single and permanent signals.

Fire control is the most important responsibility of the squad leader. It includes: reconnaissance of ground and air targets, assessment of their importance and determination of the order of destruction; the choice of the type of weapon and ammunition, the type and method of firing (shooting); target designation, giving commands to open fire or setting fire missions; observation of the results of fire and its correction; control over the consumption of ammunition.

For fire control, the senior chief assigns uniform landmarks and signals, it is prohibited to replace them. If necessary, the platoon commander can assign his additional landmarks from the calculation of no more than five on the direction of action of the squads, the borders of the strip and the additional sector of shelling). When reporting to the senior manager and maintaining interaction, only the reference points indicated by him are used.

Well-visible local objects are selected as landmarks. When using night sights, local objects with high reflectivity within the range of the sights are selected as landmarks. Landmarks are numbered from right to left and along the lines from oneself towards the enemy, and when organizing defense in a fortified area, they can be numbered from oneself in a spiral clockwise direction. One of them is designated as the main one. In addition to landmarks, well-visible local objects can be used to control fire.

Reconnaissance of ground and air targets should ensure the detection of the enemy in front of the front and on the flanks of a squad, tank, firepower), and when performing tasks independently - in a circular sector. Reconnaissance of targets is conducted by all platoon personnel (squad, tank, crew) in designated sectors.

Assessing the importance of targets consists in identifying enemy targets capable of providing greatest influence on the progress of a combat mission by a subunit. The order of their defeat is determined by the subunit commander, based on the assessment of the importance of the targets. First of all, anti-tank weapons, machine gun and mortar crews, snipers, artillery spotters, air gunners, command vehicles and commanders of enemy subunits are destroyed. The choice of means of destruction must ensure the destruction of reconnoitered targets.

When setting (clarifying) fire missions, commanders indicate: to whom (to which unit), where (target designation), what (target name) and fire mission (destruction, suppression, destruction, or other).

Target designation can be carried out from landmarks (local objects) and from the direction of movement (attack), according to the azimuth index, tracer bullets and shells, from shell explosions, signaling means, as well as pointing devices and weapons at the target.

Correction of fire is carried out on the basis of the location of the target, landmarks (local objects) and explosions of shells, indicating the magnitude of the deviation in range and direction.

Calling in and correcting the fire of the supporting artillery is carried out, as a rule, through the artillery commanders (spotters), and in their absence - personally by the platoon commander. When calling fire, the platoon leader indicates: the nature and location (number) of the target; shooting task (suppress, destroy, destroy, illuminate, smoke); the timing of the fire mission, and when adjusting the fire - the nature and location (number) of the target; the amount of deviation in range and direction.

Targeting to the crews of helicopters (aircraft) is usually carried out by order of the senior commander by designating the target site with small arms fire, armament of combat vehicles, tracer bullets (shells), as well as signal flares. The task of marking the target location is set in the same way as the firing task indicating the time of opening fire.

With the support of the battle of a platoon (squad, tank) by artillery fire, air strikes or other means of destruction, the commander must indicate the line of safe distance from the explosions of his shells (missiles, mines).

TABLE OF FLAG SIGNALS, HAND

AND A LANTERN

n / a	Signal	Symbols
by hand	flags	lantern
	Attention (attention, do what I do; review)	Raise your right hand up and hold until recall (until the "Attention" signal repeats)	Raise the yellow flag with your right hand and hold it until you recall it (until the "Attention" signal repeats)	Lantern with white light - series of dots
	Gathering of the commander (chiefs)	Raise your right hand up and circle it over your head, after which the hand is abruptly released	The same, with red and yellow flags in the right hand	Swing a lantern with white light overhead to the right and left, describing a semicircle
	To machines	Raise both hands up and hold until execution		Swing a flashlight with white light in front of you to the right and left at shoulder level
	In places	Raise both hands up and sharply lower down through the sides	The same, with a yellow flag in his right hand and a red flag in his left	Lantern with white light waving vertically up and down
	Get started	Rotate in front of you with your right hand	The same, with a yellow flag in his right hand	Rotate a lantern with white light in front of you
	Turn off the engine	Wave both hands down in front of you	The same, with a yellow flag in his right hand and a red flag in his left	Lantern with red light down, swing in front of you in a semicircle
	March (forward, continue moving in the same or new direction, the path is clear)	Raise your right arm up, turn in the direction of movement and lower your arm in the direction of movement at shoulder level		Lantern with green light waving vertically up and down
	Increase distance	Raise your left hand up, and stretch your right hand horizontally to the side and swing it down and up to shoulder level	The same, with a yellow flag in his right hand and a red flag in his left	Waving a lantern with a green light in a vertical plane, describing a figure eight
	Stop (stop)	Raise the left hand up and quickly lower it down in front of you, repeating until the performance	The same, with a red flag in his left hand	Lantern with red light waving vertically up and down
	Decrease distance	Raise your right hand up, and extend your left hand horizontally to the side and swing it down and up to shoulder level	The same, with a yellow flag in his right hand and a red flag in his left	Lantern with red light waving in a vertical plane, describing the figure eight
	In line of machines	Extend both arms horizontally to the sides and hold until recall	The same, with a yellow flag in his right hand and a red flag in his left	Swing a flashlight with a green light in front of you to the right and left at shoulder level
	In line of columns	To the line of platoon columns: Raise both arms up and swing them crosswise over the head To the line of company columns: Raise both arms up, fold them crosswise over the head and hold them motionless	The same, having a yellow flag in the right hand and a red flag in the left The same, having a yellow flag in the right hand and a red flag in the left	Swing a lantern with a green light over your head to the right and left, describing a semicircle. A lantern with a green light to swing over your head to the right, describing a semicircle. Return the flashlight to its original position with semi-extinguished or hidden from the receiving light
	Into the column	Raise your right hand up and lower it, keeping your forearm upright (repeat until you recall)	The same, with a yellow flag in his right hand	At first, hold the lantern with a green light motionless, and then repeat the "March" signal until you recall
	All around	Stretch the left arm horizontally to the side, and raise the right arm up and circle overhead	The same, with a yellow flag in his right hand and a red flag in his left	Rotate a lantern with a green light in front of you
	All right (left)	Stretch the left hand horizontally to the side, and raise the right hand up, turn in the direction of the turn and swing the right hand up and down to shoulder level (repeat until you recall)	The same, with a yellow flag in his right hand and a red flag in his left	Lantern with green light swing vertically from top to bottom and in the direction of the turn
	Accident (forced stop)	Stretch the right hand horizontally to the side, and raise the left hand up and swing it over your head to the right and left	The same, with a yellow flag in his right hand and a red flag in his left. After the signal is given, the red flag is installed on the machine at an angle of 45 degrees	Swing a flashlight with a red light in front of you to the right and left at shoulder level

Note: The signal flag consists of a rectangular

trays measuring 32 x 22 cm, attached to a pole 40 cm long. Instead of a flag yellow color a white flag can be applied.

Final part.

I remind you the topic, the learning objectives of the lesson and to what extent they have been achieved. I point out the most characteristic shortcomings identified in the course of monitoring the work of students, and set the task of eliminating them. I bring the assignment for self-study. After that, I answer the questions that the students have.

DEVELOPED BY: THE HEAD OF THE CYCLE -

SENIOR LECTURER

Major General of the Reserve V. GLININ